How can the problem of misunderstanding between a son and his father be resolved, especially when the son feels humiliated and frustrated by his father and brother, which negatively affects his psychological and educational state? And is this behavior considered disobedience to parents ( 'Uqūq al-wālidayn ) in a state of extreme anger?

You must repent to Allah Almighty for insulting your parents and supplicating against them, as this is a form of disobedience (Uqooq) and a major sin. Repentance involves abandoning the sin, regretting it, and resolving not to return to it, along with apologizing to your parents and seeking their forgiveness. There is no objection to advising parents gently and respectfully, without harshness or excessiveness.