Is a make-up or an expiation required of one who engaged in sexual intercourse with his wife during the daytime in Ramadan, while he is constant in seeking forgiveness, prayer, and fasting?

The fundamental principle during daylight hours in Ramadan is for spouses to abstain from anything that would invalidate the fast. If it is sexual intercourse, it invalidates the fast, and expiation (kaffarah) is obligatory for both spouses according to the majority of scholars, and for the man only according to the Shafi'i school. If it was foreplay and semen was discharged, the fast is invalidated and a make-up fast (qada') is obligatory according to the majority of scholars, while the Maliki school obligates expiation. However, if nothing was discharged, the fast is not invalidated. Similarly, if pre-seminal fluid (madhy) was discharged, the fast is not invalidated according to the majority of scholars, while the Maliki and Hanbali schools, in their well-known positions, obligate a make-up fast for whoever discharges madhy.