What are the scientific and medical harms of alcohol and drugs?

Islamic Sharia came to achieve benefits and ward off harms. Alcohol and drugs are forbidden due to their severe harms, which have been proven by the Quran, Sunnah, medicine, and reality. Among the harms of alcohol and gambling are sowing enmity and hatred, and hindering the remembrance of Allah and prayer. As for drugs, their harms are manifold compared to those of alcohol; they control the user and lead to physical, psychological, and mental collapse, and they contain dangerous impurities that increase their toxicity. States incur enormous costs in combating drugs and dealing with their negative effects.